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Brussels has initiated a plan to enhance Europe's fragmented electricity grid and establish hydrogen as a future clean energy source. The EU aims to meet its 2020 target of allowing member states to import or export 10% of their electricity demand, increasing to 15% by 2030.

Eight critical infrastructure bottlenecks have been identified, with priority given to linking the Iberian Peninsula to the main European grid. Controversial projects include a high-voltage connection for Cyprus and two hydrogen pipelines, one connecting the EU to Africa. Experts highlight the need for more electricity interconnectors.