Expert Calls for Cyber-Physical Protection Framework for India's Space Launch Systems
SPACE ECONOMY
K S Manoj, a cyber-physical security expert, advocates for classifying India's space launch systems as Cyber-Physical Critical Infrastructure (CPCI) under a Classified Consequence-Driven Cyber-Informed Engineering (C-CIE) framework. He emphasizes that modern launch vehicles from ISRO are complex cyber-physical systems that require advanced security measures focused on potential physical outcomes rather than just vulnerabilities. Manoj proposes various protective measures under this framework to ensure resilience against cyber threats as India expands its space capabilities.

Feb 21, 2026, 9:02 PM