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India is focusing on e-waste recycling to extract critical minerals like lithium and cobalt, essential for technology and defense. With nearly 1.5 million tonnes of e-waste generated last year, the country's formal recycling efforts are increasing, supported by a $170 million government program.

However, over 80% of e-waste is still processed informally, posing environmental and health risks. The government aims to improve recycling infrastructure and integrate informal workers into formal supply chains to recover valuable minerals.