Article

Research by Wenyu Xu and Nan Wang indicates that compliance costs under the IMO GFI scheme for bulk carrier owners will significantly exceed the original newbuilding costs over the vessels' lifetimes. Costs for operating bulk carriers on low sulphur fuel are expected to rise from approximately $2M in 2032 to over $6M by 2040. The paper suggests a phased approach for decarbonization, emphasizing operational improvements and investments in energy-saving technologies.