Article

A study at Kampala and Masaka water treatment plants in Uganda assessed volcanic ash, pumice, and Moringa oleifera for removing natural organic matter (NOM) and controlling trihalomethanes. While the Ggaba plant faced operational challenges, Masaka's pre-chlorination led to a significant increase in trihalomethanes. The research found that using a horizontal flow roughing filter and combining alum with M. oleifera effectively improved dissolved organic carbon removal, suggesting alternatives to pre-chlorination.