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Conflict in March 2025 in Nasir, Upper Nile state, stalled the 2018 Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in South Sudan (R-ARCSS). The confrontation involved the South Sudan People's Defense Forces (SSPDF) and the Sudan People's Liberation Army-in-Opposition (SPLA-IO), leading to the house arrest of First Vice President Dr.

Riek Machar and the detention of other SPLA-IO leaders. The SPLA-IO subsequently split, and Machar faces trial on serious charges, raising concerns about the R-ARCSS's viability. The ruling SPLM-IG party has undergone significant leadership changes, affecting its stability.

Despite a commitment to hold elections in December 2026, challenges persist, including a lack of political will and procedural issues tied to the National Election Act. Four potential options for addressing election logistics have been proposed, emphasizing the need for a credible national dialogue to ensure democratic transition in South Sudan.