Hans Bethe and Richard Garwin's Complex Role in U.S. Missile Defense Debate
DEFENSE
In September 1967, U.S. Defense Secretary Robert McNamara announced the Sentinel antiballistic missile system, which faced opposition from physicists Hans Bethe and Richard Garwin in a Scientific American article, citing its vulnerability to countermeasures.
Despite their criticism, both had previously supported missile defense and worked as consultants in the defense sector, highlighting the complex interplay between scientific expertise and military interests. Their stance reflected a nuanced position rather than a complete rejection of missile defense.

Jan 6, 2026, 2:34 PM