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On May 11 and 13, 1998, India executed underground nuclear tests at Pokhran Test Range in Rajasthan, known as Operation Shakti. The military planning involved extensive preparation to ensure secrecy and manage the risk of foreign surveillance, following a failed test in the mid-1990s.

The Indian Army's 58 Engineer Regiment played a key role in site preparation and concealment. The operation required tight coordination among political, scientific, and military components to ensure successful execution without external interference.