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Iran has sold $4 billion in weapons to Russia since late 2021, including significant quantities of missiles and drones, with contracts signed prior to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Ukraine's intelligence indicates that Russia is circumventing sanctions to bolster its defense capabilities, evidenced by the deployment of upgraded drones like the Geran-5. The U.S. has provided the Tempest system to Ukraine, deemed essential for NATO's defense against Russian aerial threats.