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The Russian Navy's Kilo-class submarines, originally developed in the 1970s, remain in service due to production delays of the newer Lada-class submarines. While the Kilos are recognized for their stealth and anti-ship capabilities, they lack Air Independent Propulsion. Meanwhile, the U.S. has noted that China's naval capabilities, including its fleet of Kilo-class submarines, have surpassed those of Russia in nuclear submarine numbers.