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Google's new Ironwood TPU utilizes a 3D Torus network and Apollo optical circuit switch, addressing AI data center interconnect challenges. TrendForce forecasts that 800G+ optical transceiver shipments will exceed 60% by 2026, driven by demand for nearly 4 million TPUs.

The Apollo OCS system enhances energy efficiency, consuming 100 watts compared to traditional switches' 3,000 watts. Innolight and Eoptolink are expected to secure 80% of Google's optical module orders, while Lumentum will supply OCS systems.