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South Africa's Energy and Electricity Minister Kgosientsho Ramokgopa announced the demothballing of the Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR) at the Pelindaba site, scheduled for November 2024, to enhance energy security and diversification. This initiative aims to position South Africa as a leader in small modular reactor technology, although the original PBMR design will not be reactivated, according to nuclear physicist Dr. Kelvin Kemm.